What is liberal representative democracy and does the model provide an appropriate combination of freedom and equality

A liberal representative democracy should be understood as a form of democracy where we have people who are elected to represent others. In this case, representatives hold some power that is always regulated and defined by the constitution. In fact, the constitution in question prioritizes the protection of different liberties.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What is ‘liberal representative democracy’ and does the model provide an appropriate combination of freedom and equality? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rights of minorities on an individualistic aspect are also taken care of and protected as far as liberal representative democracy is concerned. There are a lot of rights that are guaranteed under this form of democracy and this is commendable. For instance, freedom of speech and assembly are important rights that minorities and the whole society at large are supposed to be assured of (Sche b 56). This is well taken care of under this form of democracy. Equality before the law is something that has been synonymous with liberal representative democracy. Liberal representative democracy lays more emphasis on the due process when it comes to matters that deal with law. As far as this form of democracy is concerned, any elections that are held in a given country should be free and fair for all. This means that the ensuing electoral process should be as much competitive as possible. As a matter of fact, liberal representative democracy may take various forms as it has been practiced in different countries. In this form of democracy, everybody is granted the right to vote irrespective of his gender, race or the property that they own. This therefore implies that there is a lot of universal suffrage that is embraced. Liberal representative democracy is determined by the country’s constitution. In the long run, this will ultimately define the character of the state in q uestion.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The constitution in this case limits the powers that a given state will exercise over its citizens. This means that proper separation of powers has been well elaborated. As a matter of fact, there are a lot of checks and balances to ensure that the rights of citizens are not trampled upon (Chua 89). Most liberal representative democracies have always emphasized that the state should follow the rule of law for long term sustainability. This is as far as guaranteeing the existence of a given state is concerned. Therefore, the authority of the government should not be exercised using unknown laws as everything is supposed to be done in accordance to written, known and existing laws as per the constitution (Scheb 18). In fact, legitimate authority is enforced through known and acceptable procedures. Public disclosure of laws is the driving force behind liberal representative democracies because everything should be done to the knowledge of the public. The constitution has always acted as a guard in maintaining such forms of democracy. This is a representative democracy and it should emphasize on the liberty of its citizens as time goes by. The constitution should always act in the interest of the majority and this can be well achieved under this form of democracy. This means that the representatives should not act as the peoples proxies in any way. In this case, the wishes of the majority should be able to carry the day whereby they have the authority to carry out some initiatives that will take care of their interests. This is mostly necessary when people are facing various challenges that need immediate solutions which is acceptable. Therefore, in conclusion, this model provides an appropriate combination of freedom and equality beyond reasonable doubt. This is because of various reasons and practical aspects that have been seen in different countries as far as liberal representative democracy is concerned. It can be explained that this form of democracy provides a good combination because representatives are elected by people through free and fair means. Freedom and equality are guaranteed under this form of democracy because they are enshrined in the constitution which is always the supreme law of a given country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What is ‘liberal representative democracy’ and does the model provide an appropriate combination of freedom and equality? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that the law cannot be changed at any time by representatives at the expense of the citizens’ rights without them being involved and consulted (Chua 33). The rights of individuals are protected through enacted laws and this therefore enhances equality. In the process, the interests of minority gr oups in the country are also taken care of. The majority are respected in liberal representative democracies because citizens are always asked to vote in elections. Individual liberties of citizens are always guaranteed which promotes equality in the country. The civil society is given freedom to operate and this ensures that the rights of everybody are considered. Freedom and equality are provided for under this form of democracy because citizens can be given a chance to overrule a decision that will not take care of their interest through a referendum. Everybody is equal before the law and that is why it provides an appropriate combination of freedom and equality (Scheb 40). There are a lot of controlled institutions that guarantee constitutional rights that cultivate freedom and equality in any given country. All citizens in a liberal representative democracy are protected and this extends to property which enhances freedom and equality. This is because there will be equal opport unities for everybody in the whole country without fear of his/her property being confiscated. Works Cited Chua, Amy. World on Fire. New York: Doubleday, 2002. Print. Scheb, John. An Introduction to the American Legal System. New York: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2006. Print. This essay on What is ‘liberal representative democracy’ and does the model provide an appropriate combination of freedom and equality? was written and submitted by user Leilani Steele to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Frankenstein - Dr.Frankenstein was the real monster essays

Frankenstein - Dr.Frankenstein was the real monster essays We have all heard or seen the story of Frankenstein one time or another, whether it be the recent horror movie version Mary Shelleys Frankenstein or the classic comedy version of Young Frankenstein. But like the saying goes, the book is always better than the movie. And once again, in the case of the Frankenstein aka The Modern Prometheus by Mary Shelley, I would have to agree. The book is the retelling of Frankensteins story told to, Robert Walton, a sailor who agrees to find the monster and kill him once Frankenstein dies. Frankenstein begins by telling of his childhood and his parents and of his craving for knowledge, which eventually leads him to study the sciences and create his monster. Unfortunately, due to the monsters ugliness, everyone he meets is frightened and runs in fear, including his creator, Frankenstein. In my opinion, the monster is not a monster in any sense. Although he was artificially created, its very clear from the story that he has feelings and emotions just like any human. Its almost as if hes a gentle giant. Every person he meets, he tries to befriend, only wanting his or her friendship in return. However, due to his appearance and tremendous size, these people are frightened by him. The monster doesnt go on rampages killing everyone, but rather in a way he is the good guy in the story. Society is to blame for any damage he causes. Its only because societys lack of acceptance for the monster being different that he destroys and kills. Adding to this, the reader should not feel sorry for Dr. Frankenstein. Of all people, he should have been the one to love the monster and to take care of him, as if the monster is his child. But he doesnt. What is the first thing Frankenstein does when he brings the monster to life? He runs in fear from the monster. Its not the monster&apos...

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Report - Essay Example In fact, the decision to increase the tuition fees has adverse effects on the lives of student, given they will have to pay these costs and cater for their other needs at a time when there is a harsh economic environment which does not go well with the rise in the cost of education. This situation can be compared with the case of the recent financial recession where individuals were forced to cut costs just to get to make ends meet. Since the increase in tuition fees would be of negative effect on the number of students who would be willing and able to get a higher education. In fact, it is stated that the contribution of the provincial government to higher education has been decreasing quite a while and this has led to an increase in the debt burden of the students. Because of this, there has developed the need to ensure that the government takes steps to ensure the subsidizing of education to encourage Canadians to acquire a higher education. Eisen, B. & Wensveen, J. (2012, Jul 9). Arguments for cheap tuition are not supported by evidence. Troy Media. Retrieved from http://www.troymedia.com/2012/07/09/arguments-for-cheap-tuition-are-not-supported-by-evidence/ According to Eisen and Wensveen, the fact that there is an increase in the cost of tuition in higher education does not in any way significantly affect the number of people who go to university. On the contrary, they argue that despite the fact that in some provinces the governments have heavily subsidized higher education, there has been no significant increase in the number of students attending university. They argue that it is essential to understand that the cost of acquiring higher education is not relevant to the educators, and that they are only focused on ensuring that students are benefiting from it by standing a chance to secure good employment. They go against the argument by other writers that with time, students will realize that problems resulting from increases in higher education cost an d spending will surpass the benefits that they are likely to derive from acquiring the education and this will eventually discourage these students from going to university. They argue that while students will have increased debts due to loans, which they will be expected to settle after they have secured employment, they will also be able to ensure that they have a better life because of the high quality of education that they will receive. They state that the society is absorbing increases in the cost of higher education within the universities, so that the students are expected to pay direct tuition increases or taxpayers pay indirectly in order to cover for these increases, and all these is to ensure that the quality of higher education is enhanced. Ryan, D. (2012, Jun 15). Sid Ryan: The case for zero  tuition. The National Post. Retrieved from http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2012/06/01/sid-ryan-the-case-for-zero-tuition/ Ryan states that while many columnists have argued that those students in Quebec who are on strike should just accept higher tuition rates, he does not understand the argument of the abovementioned columnists. He makes the argument that in Ireland, which is his home country, education is free from the lowest level, kindergarten, to university with all the

The Essence Of Miranda Warnings Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

The Essence Of Miranda Warnings - Research Paper Example For example, this right grants an arrestee to refuse from answering questions which he or she thinks would compel him or her to give incriminating statements which could possibly be taken as admissible evidence and might be used against him. The Fifth Amendment gives right against compelled self-incrimination and the due process of the law. If the arrestee was formally charged with a crime, the Miranda Warnings must be made known to the arrestee. Further, the sixth amendment grants the right to a legal counsel or an attorney during all subsequent questioning process. The sole example that is presented on this study is a domestic violence case and should a police officer perform the interrogation process.  If a person is under custody for interrogation, any police officer called to perform the interrogation process must read to the arrestee the Miranda Rights. If in any case, the respondent did not respond to give an affirmative answer, silence should not be taken as a waiver of the se rights. The interrogation can still proceed but responses from the arrestee are considered void and ineffective during a trial if the statements were made prior to Miranda Rights.  In the case of domestic violence, if the arrestee was formally charged, the police officer must warn the arrestee of his or her constitutional rights. All the responses of the suspect under custody shall be taken as admissible evidence, provided, the rights were made known to her. In addition, the suspect’s 6th amendment protection shall be applied and may not be doubted or questioned relating to subject matter of the offenses being charged to the suspect if there is an absence of a legal counsel or an attorney or anything that waives the right to an attorney.  If the suspected criminal has not been formally charged, it is necessary to determine if Miranda Warnings are needed. If the person is not â€Å"in custody†, Miranda Rights are not necessary and the statements made by the arres tee are admissible.

Analyzing Brazilian Movie Essay Example for Free

Analyzing Brazilian Movie Essay The movie â€Å"Behind the Sun† is a Brazilian film, entitles â€Å"Abril Despedacado† in Portuguese, based to the novel â€Å"Shattered April† originally written by multi awarded Albanian writer â€Å"Ismail Kadare†. The film was released in the year 2001, directed by a multi-talented and reputable Brazilian movie director â€Å"Walter Salles†, and produced by an Academy film producer â€Å"Arthur Cohn†. Although, the movie was not able to garner major movie awards and recognition, director Walter Salless Behind the Sun, had received a bunch of positive feedbacks from different movie critics and fanatics from countries across the globe. (IGN Entertainment, Inc. ) Nevertheless, the Brazilian motion picture â€Å"Behind the Sun† is said to be one of the successful movie, produced and done in Brazil. Technically, the movie Behind the Sun is a thematic drama and thrilling film, which tells the story between the bloods battle of two Brazilian families, who are battling for land rights. Essentially, the storyline of the film is a depiction of the family struggles, which shows the extent of family desire to revenge for their aggravated member of the clan, a result of personal and objective desire to own a merely useless and forgotten land. The movie shows the true color of elderly Brazilian family members to chase their desire to own a land, specifically, the movie tells the bloody battle tale of two Brazilian family, the â€Å"Breeves Family† and the â€Å"Ferreiras Family†, as they struggle for long been quarrel on the unproductive land. Moreover, the story line runs through the bloody family conflict, as the scenes are depictions of offensive actions against the two different oppositions in the movie. Most of the scenes in the movie, are the bloody picture of killing between the two young Brazilian gentlemen (teenagers) from both side of the family, as they act their revenge for their murdered family member, cause by their long been family quarrel over a destitute land. Nonetheless, the story line of the movie Behind the Sun is a depiction of the long been bloody tale for land rights, between two Brazilian families, the â€Å"Breeves† and the â€Å"Ferreiras†, and a struggle for honor. Moreover, the story of the movie â€Å"Behind the Sun† had happened way back 1910, as the Breeves and the Ferreiras argued for a merely useless land. The movie takes place in the â€Å"Northeast part of Brazil†, which is also known as the†badland†. Technically, the Northeast of part Brazil is the settings of the movie, where the two families quarrel over a property right of a dying sugarcane land. Since, the movie happened in the year 1910 and in the northeast of Brazil, the primary characters or the two families finds their way of living through the blessings of their land. Meaning, the Breeves and the Ferreiras makes their living through agriculture. In addition to this, the movie tells a profound family relationship, on which the Breeves and Ferreiras show in-depth family relationship and closed family links. Nevertheless, the movie is depiction of the true color of Brazilian family, which is united, loving and brave, ready to fight for their family members and honor. Movie Production, on the other hand, is awesomely amazing, as the directors, actors and the rest of the people responsible for the movie do their job really well for this project. Starting from camera angles, the director and camera man had done a great job, as the shots in the movie are appropriately done to give superb detail in every scene or event. The camera angles are perfect, as far as I can say that it gives the right shot, which the specific scene and happenings requires. Technically, the Cinematography of the movie is equally great as the camera angles and shot. The films cinematography gives fine details for every scene, as the movie introduces a profound definition of cinematography for the movie Behind the Sun. Since, the movie is a tale of bloody family battle, happened in the early 19th century (1910), in the Northeast part of Brazil, the lights and colors of the movie, supports, enhances and provide the needed emotions in every scenes. Nevertheless, The cinematography or the lighting and the color of the movie, makes the story, every scene and the whole film realistic, as if it was shoot way back 1910. Costumes props and the settings of the movie, on the other hand, are all timely and appropriate with the portrayal of 1910 era. The props men and the creative director, have definitely done their job at the very best they can. The costumes and the cultural settings of the movie, like early Brazilian agricultural materials are reproduce appropriate and was used accordingly. Even the food, are all timely to the 1910 era and the way of living as well as the whole surroundings are likely the same in the year 1910. The House of Sand, on the other hand, is another Brazilian film, which was released four years after â€Å"Behind the Sun†, in 2005. (Netflix, Inc. ) Just like the movie â€Å"Behind the Sun† by â€Å"Walter Salles†, The House of Sand is a movie, which also tells a family Brazilian family story. Essentially, these two Brazilian movies are both produced in the early 20th century and for that fact these two films had been successful on their own ways. Apart from being the same as Brazilian movies,† Behind the Sun† and â€Å" The House of Sand† both happened in the northern part of Brazil. In addition, these two Brazilian movies share a likely family tale in their story. Although, the movies â€Å"Behind the Sun† and â€Å"The House of Sand† are the alike in different aspects, these two Brazilian movies still vary in some manner. First, in the movie Behind the Sun, the focal point of the story is through the connection or relationship between the father and son, while on the movie The House of Sand, the storyline evolves essentially between the mother and daughter relationship. Second, The House of Sand has lighter conflict or dilemma in its story, while the movie Behind the Sun has more serious and critical family conflict or dilemma in its tale. Nevertheless, these two movies are effectively positive, on which a depiction of social and moral lessons on certain issues in our community today. Works Cited IGN Entertainment, Inc. (2008), Behind the Sun (2001): Retrieved May 13, 2008 from http://www. rottentomatoes. com/m/behind_the_sun/#synopsis Netflix, Inc. (2008), The House of Sand (2005): Retrieved May 13, 2008 from http://www. netflix. com/Movie/The_House_of_Sand/70043822? mqso=80012394

a worn path Essay -- essays research papers

As Phoenix finally reaches the end of the staircase, she breaks through the doors and steps into the town, beginning yet another journey. She begins to make her way down the street, seeing the children play at dusk, the decorations of the festive holiday, and the sun beginning its descent. She begins her rhythmic pace. The sound of her cane echoes in the midst of the city, much like the chirping of a bird, which sings, as Phoenix walks to its beat. Phoenix sops at the window of a small store, peering in with her blue, aged eyes, she sees the paper windmill she spoke of earlier. She chuckles to herself, and continues on out of the city.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Entering the road she has so often traveled, Phoenix smells the soothing aroma of the river, and of the wood, which burns in the chimneys of the cabins. All the children have gone inside, and all that remains are the decorations and lights outside the cabins. As she passes the cabins, she remembers the dog that had attacked her earlier, and she continues with caution. As she moves on, the dog is not in sight so her worries begin to fade. Continuing down the road she reaches the swamp, and she sees the silver trees, the old cabins, and the empty, desolate fields. It is becoming late, and Phoenix feels as though her legs are in buckets of cement, chained down to the ground, and she can no longer walk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the near distance the wagon track appears, and Phoenix stops to rest. After a short...

Education in Wuthering Heights Essay

Education of the 18th and 19th century connects closely to the gender association of this period. Men from wealthy families were the only persons provided the opportunity to be educated at the university level. Just as many men use golf to prove their status and superiority today, these gentlemen pursued cricket and rugby. Another similarity with society today involves the importance of personal connections to further your education possibilities and business opportunities. Social standing was extremely important during this time. â€Å"Manners, money, birth, occupation and leisure time were crucial indicators of social standing, determining not only one’s place in society but one’s freedom to act, speak, learn, and earn† (Longman p. 1886). (alternate view on Victorian society) In the Victorian Era, social class was not solely dependent upon the amount of money a person had; rather, the source of income, birth, and family connections played a major role in determining one’s position in society. And, significantly, most people accepted their place in the hierarchy. In addition to money, manners, speech, clothing, education, and values revealed a person’s class. The three main classes were the elite class, the middle class, and the working class. Further divisions existed within these three class distinctions. The struggle between social classes roughly resembles a real-life conflict during this time. The book was published during the Industrial Revolution, a time of great economic change in which laborers fought for fair conditions in the workplace, and employers fought to defend themselves. People formed groups to work for their own benefit, thus, causing the separation of classes THE GENERAL EFFECT THAT STRESS ON EDUCATION AND THUS SOCIAL CLA SS BRINGS OUT IN THE NOVEL: Education is the one of the central themes in Wuthering Heights, it brings about social status and class distinction in the novel, one of the major differences that we witness between Class struggle is a central theme found in wuthering heights. Class determines hatred, marriage, financial situation and occupation in Wuthering heights. The strict guidelines of class structure break hearts, bring about marriages without love and affect the physical and emotional wellbeing of every character. Even the two main houses in Emily Bronte’s novel reflects the difference education imparts on the character’s dispositions and behaviour. The setting of the story at Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange provides a clear example of social contrast. While the Heights is depicted as simply typical and â€Å"domestic† and associated with uneducated characters: (Nelly, Heathcliff, Hareton, Zillah and Joseph) the Grange is described as a â€Å"scene of unprecedented richness† (80). Each house is associated with behaviour fitting the description. For example, when Catherine is taken into the Grange, she experiences drastic changes, thus going from a â€Å"savage† to a â€Å"lady† (80). While at this house, she rises in status, learns manners, and receives great privileges such as not having to work due to being acquaintances with the educated Isabella and Linton. Heathcliff, on the other hand, learns to classify himself as a member of the lower class, as he does not possess the education of those at the Grange. THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION (OR LACK OF EDUCATION) ON THE CHARACTERS IN WUTHERING HEIGHTS: *MY IDEA IS THAT THE THEME OF CLASS AND EDUCATION ARE INTERLINKED. EDUCATION BREEDS CLASS AS SEEN IN THE CHARACTERS OF EDGAR LINTON, ISABELLA, CATHERING EARNSHAW (TO SOME EXTENT) AND CATHERINE LINTON HEATHCLIFF: †¢Education in Wuthering Heights leads to a better understanding of class and society. The fact that Heathcliff is deprived of an education, immediately lowers his class and ranks him among the servants of Wuthering Heights, emphasized when Catherine Earnshaw returns to Wuthering Heights after her stay at the Lintons. (chapter 7) :† why how very black and cross you look!and how- how funny and grim! But that’s because I’m used to Edgar and Isabella Linton.† †¢Even though Wuthering Heights’ two families live out in the middle of nowhere, they still abide by the constraints of class. Brontà « lets us know through Catherine’s aspirations to marry Edgar Linton that Thrushcross Grange is a far superior manor to the sprawling farmhouse at Wuthering Heights. Now, the Lintons and the Earnshaws are both members of the middle class – between the working class and the elite – as they have servants running the house. But marriage to Edgar Linton is still the means through which Catherine becomes the â€Å"greatest woman of the neighbourhood† (9.59) while, as she tells Nelly, â€Å"Did it never strike you that if Heathcliff and I married, we should be beggars? whereas if I marry Linton, I can aid Heathcliff to rise and place him out of my brother’s power† (9.99). Being an orphan with no family ties and no land, Heathcliff is the lowest on the totem pole. That Hindley denies Heathcliff an education implies that he is trying to force him to become a servant (which is how he, in fact, refers to him several times). So it makes sense that Heathcliff’s revenge is tied directly to the novel’s class issues, because property ownership is one of the privileges of the middle class and above. :† He drove him from their company to the servants, deprived him of the instructions of the curate, and insisted that he should labour out of doors instead; compelling him to do s o as hard as any other lad on the farm. (6.9)† †¢Heathcliff is brought up in a middle class environment with the earnshaws and then into a working class when Hindley takes over custody of Heathcliff. Heathcliff originally was of low working class, being a gypsy (a poor nomadic race of people) and had dark skin. His ethnic disposition worked against him when being judged by the Earnshaws and Linton’s. This leads to the constant belittling of Heathcliff by Hindley and the Lintons ultimately resulted in his loss of Catherine and his motivation in bring about the downfalls of the Earnshaws and Lintons. †¢Heathcliff is an orphan; therefore, his station is below everyone else in Wuthering Heights. It was unheard of to raise someone from the working class as a member of the middle-to-upper middle class. Even Nelly, who was raised with the Earnshaw children, understood her place below her childhood friends. When Mr. Earnshaw elevates the status of Heathcliff, eventually favoring him to his own son, this goes against societal norms. This combination of elevation and usurpation is why Hindley returns Heathcliff to his previous low station after the death of Mr. Earnshaw, and that is why Heathcliff relishes in the fact that Hindley’s son Hareton is reduced to the level of a common, uneducated labourer. †¢Due to the fact that Heathcliff is uneducated Catherine begins to prefer Edgar Linton’s society simply because Edgar is able to discuss more intellectual topics than Heathcliff, thus due to his lack of education and class distinct he lost the love of his life, Catherine. †¢Only after he becomes educated and more genteel does he garner more respect in the novel. †¢When Heathcliff returns, having money is not enough for Edgar to consider him a part of acceptable society, as he is not educated. Heathcliff uses his role as the outcast to encourage Isabella’s infatuation. The feelings that both Catherine and Isabella have for Heathcliff, the common laborer, cause them to lose favor with their brothers. Hindley and Edgar cannot accept the choices their sisters make and therefore, withdraw their love. When a woman betrays her class, she is betraying her family and her class — both unacceptable actions. †¢It should be noted that Heathcliff uses the Victorian’s obsession with class distinct and education against his enemies. They are tools of his revenge. CATHERINE: †¢Social class and education must be the reason Catherine marries Edgar; she is attracted to the social comforts he can supply her. No other plausible explanation exists. Catherine naively thinks she can marry Edgar and then use her position and his money to assist Heathcliff, but that would never happen. †¢The fact that her own brother Hindley deprives her true love, Heathcliff of an education makes Catherine realize the fact that Heathcliff would never be of any consequence to society as in Victorian times education and class distinct ran hand in hand. This is what broadens the chasm between Catherine and her childhood companion Heathcliff as she comes back from her stay at the Lintons. †¢It is Heathcliff’s lack of education that drives her into the society of the Lintons. †¢The fact that Hindley deprives Heathcliff of an education cements Cathy’s view of Heathcliff as a tyrant and causes a chasm between brother and sister. †¢The fact that education is such an important part of Victorian society is emphasized by Catherine’s choice to marry Linton rather than Heathcliff. Catherine’s decision to marry Edgar Linton rather than Heathcliff, and this decision widens the gap between social classes. Edgar Linton is a wealthy man of high status and education, and Heathcliff is poor and possesses no assets. Catherine does not consider personal feelings, but instead, she focuses on her outward appearance to society. â€Å"Edgar Linton will be rich and I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighborhood whereas if Heathcliff and I married, we should be beggars (81).† It is obvious that wealth justifies social class, and Catherine strives to achieve high status. HINDLEY: †¢Out of all the characters in the novel, Hindley seems to be the most worldly, from a young age he is sent off to college, mainly due to his father’s deference to Heathcliff. This causes us to believe that he is more exposed to Victorian class distinction, more than the other characters of the novel as he is sagacious enough that he discovers that by depriving Heathcliff of an education he ultimately separates him from Catherine as he is then ranked among a servant. †¢Due to Heathcliff, in a cyclical turn of events, Hindley’s own son due a combination of his own neglect and Heathcliff’s cruelty is deprived of education. The fact that he is deprived of education deprives him of any social consequence and his own birthright, emphasizing Emily Bronte’s theme that class and social standing can’t exist without education. EDGAR LINTON: †¢Edgar Linton is a wealthy and well-educated with a noticeably higher ranking than the tenants of Wuthering Heights. †¢Although his rank has made him rather weak- willed and effeminate in character. (Emily Bronte seems to associate the genteel class with slightly effeminate characteristics) he is well educated and this leads him to win the heart of Catherine. †¢His high social status and education make him dislike Heathcliff whom he regards as a ‘gypsy’, his wife and sister’s regard for a man with such low education is a cause for his extreme dislike towards Heathcliff †¢Edgar embodies Victorian society’s idea of a well- educated. Cultured gentleman. Emily Bronte uses Edgar to depict the value of education in such a society, he is a complete contrast to the character of Heathcliff. HARETON: †¢while Hareton’s outward behaviour might suggest a lack of character, he responds to Cathy’s beauty and love by striving to improve his mind. Hareton realizes the importance of education in Victorian society. †¢Heathcliff’s revenge on him is to make Hareton a double of a younger Heathcliff, by denying Hareton his right to an education he makes Hareton less than a servant in Victorian society. This is emphasized by Linton Heathcliff and Catherine Linton’s treatment of him. CATHERINE LINTON: †¢Wuthering heights is famous due to Emily Bronte’s use of doubles or ‘shadowing’ both mother (Catherine Earnshaw) and daughter (Catherine Linton) share a distate for those characters with a lack of education, emphasizing the Victorian era’s obsession with education and the important role it played in class distinction. †¢Catherine Linton shows distaste and even disgust towards her uneducated cousin Hareton, she is shocked that they are related and mocks him with her more cultured cousin Linton Heathcliff †¢It is Catherine’s distaste at Hareton’s lack of education that prevents her from seeing the aid Hareton was attempting to provide when she is forcibly taken to Wuthering Heights by Heathcliff. Isabella: †¢Isabella’s regard for the ‘gypsy’, Heathcliff who she pays no mind to as a child only grows when he returns from his expeditions as an educated man. †¢When Isabella marries Heathcliff she betrays her cultured and educated upbringing leading to estrangement from her brother this emphasizes the chasm that Heathcliff’s lack of education creates throughout the book, separating characters and damaging relationships. It also shows the social unacceptability of being uneducated in England in the Victorian era. QUOTATIONS REPRESENTING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF EDUCATION IN THE NOVEL: (the quotes are cited chapter.paragraph) †¢He drove him from their company to the servants, deprived him of the instructions of the curate, and insisted that he should labour out of doors instead; compelling him to do so as hard as any other lad on the farm. (6.9) ïÆ'ËœHindley’s project to punish his father’s favorite begins as soon as the old man dies. To make Heathcliff a farmhand, bereft of education (instructions), is to put him in the lowest possible position. The gentry never work with their hands. †¢[Hindley] wished earnestly to see her bring honour to the family by an alliance with the Lintons, and as long as she let him alone she might trample on us like slaves, for aught he cared! (9.152) Hindley has designs on the Lintons’ social status. Nelly resents the treatment she receives from Catherine. Nelly (who is speaking here) may not be a slave, but she is a servant – yet more often than not she acts like a family member. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"but he yielded completely and there was no prevailing on him to take a step in the way of moving upward, when he found he must necessarily sink beneath his former level† chapter 8 †¢:†what good do I get- what do you talk about†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦or for anything you fo either!† chapter 8 †¢:†and he will be rich and i†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..husband† chapter 9 †¢:†and the curate doesn’t teach you to read and write,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Heathcliff had promised that† chapter 10 †¢:†papa is gone to fetch†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.relationship with such a clown† chapter 4 volume 2 †¢:†he has satisfied my expectations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.he takes pride in his brutishness† chapter 7 volume 2. †¢:†he does not know his letters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.dunce?† †¢:†Mr H areton is not envious†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..in a few years† chapter 16 volume 2 †¢:†and tell him if he’ll take it†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..never tease him again.† Chapter 18 volume 2 EDUCATION IN THE COLOR PURPLE: Walker also makes it evident to readers the level of education many of the blacks in the novel had received, which is representative of the black community in the South as a whole in those days. As Walker shows, many females did not finish school, and were instead married away at early ages. Also, many young males were not able to attend school long, considering they were needed to help farm the land. Because of this, most of dialogue in the book is written as if an uneducated person was trying to speak English. For example, many sentences appear to have not only spelling, but grammatical errors as well, such as â€Å"Where us going? ast the oldest girl.† In one of the main character’s, Celie, letters to her sister Nettie, she comments on how two women are trying to teach her how to â€Å"talk†. She states, â€Å"She say us not so hot. A dead country give-away. You say US where most people say WE, she say, and peoples think you dumb. Colored peoples think you a hick and white folks be amuse.† However, in Nettie’s letters to Celie, Walker uses correct grammar and spelling. This is because Nettie was more educated than most of the black people in the South, going to school for many years. Therefore, Walker is using the two sister’s English to show a direct contradiction in the way most blacks in the South at that time spoke, and the way a few that were schooled well spoke. Thus, the reader is able to gauge the education level of the characters in the book by their dialogue. This level is in direct correlation with the level of education of the blacks that really did exist in the South after the Civil War, due to lack of school funding and time for learning. Celie’s point of view is particularly interested. Unlike Nettie, Celie is an uneducated woman, having been forced to drop out of school around the age of fourteen when she became pregnant by her Pa. Her lack of education is apparent from her poor spelling and grammar. Nettie, however, is educated. Her spelling and grammar are correct, and her letters discuss more complex topics, such as women’s rights, civil rights, religion, politics, and more. However, it isn’t only Nettie that has an interesting story to tell. Despite Celie’s poor educational background, Celie tells a powerful story. In this sense, Walker’s chosen narrator shows that all people, including poor, uneducated, victimized black women have an important story to tell. QUOTES ABOUT EDUCATION IN THE COLOR PURPLE: †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Olinka girls do not believe girls should be educated. When I asked a mother why she thought this, she said: A girl is nothing to herself; only to her husband can she become something. What can she become? I asked. Why, she said, the mother of his children But I am not the mother of anybody’s children, I said, and I am something.† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"She say us not so hot. A dead country give-away. You say US where most people say WE, she say, and peoples think you dumb. Colored peoples think you a hick and white folks be amuse.† †¢Why do they say I will be a wife of the chief? asks Olivia. That is as high as they can think, I tell her. He is fat and shiny with huge perfect teeth. She thinks she has nightmares about him. You will grow up to be a strong Christian woman, I tell her. Someone who helps her people to advance. You will be a teacher or a nurse. You will travel. You will know many people greater than the chief. Will Tashi? she wants to know. Yes, I tell her, Tashi too. (62.13-18) †¢Tashi is very intelligent, I said. She could be a teacher. A nurse. She could help the people in the village. There is no place here for a woman to do those things, he said. Then we should leave, I said. Sister Corrine and I. No, no, he said. Teach only the boys? I asked. Yes, he said, as if my question was agreement. There is a way that the men speak to women that reminds me too much of Pa. (63.14-20)